POMIAR CZASU MARTWEGO METODĄ DWÓCH ŹRÓDEŁ – OPTYMIZACJA PODZIAŁU CZASU POMIARU

The article presents the analysis of the dead time measurement using two sources for a non-paralyzable detector. It determined the optimum division of count rate measurement time between both source measurement and a single source one. Results of the work can be used to optimize dead time measurement for systems which count photons or particles.W artykule zaprezentowano analizę pomiaru czasu martwego detektora nieparaliżowalnego metodą dwóch źródeł. Wyznaczono optymalny podział czasu pomiaru częstości zliczeń dla pomiaru jednym i dwoma źródłami. Wyniki pracy mogą być wykorzystane do optymalizacji systemów zliczających fotony lub cząstki

Zrób karierę w bibliotece : materiały z I Forum Młodych Bibliotekarzy, Zielona Góra, 5-6 października 2006

Materiały konferencyjne nr 7

TEORIA WZMOCNIENIA JEDNOFOLIOWEGO DETEKTORA Z GAZOWYM POWIELANIEM ELEKTRONÓW

Gain prediction theory of single foil Gas Electron Multiplier detector was developed. Gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector with single foil was developed. Soft X-ray spectra with an energy of 5.9 keV emitted by the isotope Fe-55 were measured. On this basis, the dependence of gain and energy resolution from the detector voltage was determined. The simple theory of gain dependence on various detector parameters was developed. Preliminary results of the study confirmed the potential usefulness of the GEM detector as a substitute for the multiwire proportional chamber.Opracowano teorię wzmocnienia jednofoliowego detektora z gazowym powielaniem elektronów. Opracowano detektor z gazowym powielaniem elektronów z pojedynczą folią. Zmierzono widmo miękkiego promieniowania X, o energii 5,9 keV, emitowanego przez izotop Fe-55. Na tej podstawie wyznaczono zależność wzmocnienia i energetycznej zdolności rozdzielczej od napięcia zasilającego detektor. Opracowano prosta teorią zależności wzmocnienia od różnych parametrów detektora. Wstępne rezultaty badań potwierdzają potencjalną przydatność detektora GEM jako substytutu wielodrutowej komory proporcjonalnej

Nowe media w bibliotece : materiały z polsko-niemieckiej konferencji bibliotekarzy, Zielona Góra 14-16 kwietnia 2004 = Neue Medien in der Bibliothek : Materialien aus der deutsch-polnischen Konferenz der Bibliothekaren und Bibliothekarinnen, Zielona Góra den 14-16. April 2004

173 s.

An innovative system for the acquisition and analysis of energy and utilities consumption data dedicated to smart energy cities

Buildings in Poland are very energy-consuming, especially during their exploitation. As a result, there is a need for establishing new systems and technologies which could increase energy efficiency in this sector. One of the most important reasons is the lack of technologies and systems dedicated to managing energy and utilities for buildings or building compounds in urban areas. Wide implementation of these kinds of systems, which will operate based on measured on-line data, will ensure a decrease in energy and utilities consumption. At the beginning of the paper, some basic demands of exploitation data acquisition systems are described. The specifics of energy and utilities consumption data are presented. In the main body of the paper, a conception of an innovative system for the acquisition and analysis of energy and utilities consumption data dedicated for buildings is presented, which makes it possible to decrease heat, energy and utilities consumption in urban areas. Some basic systemic assumptions are presented and fundamental technical aspects are described. In addition, the essential assumptions of data analysis algorithms are described in the article

Optimization of building design process by using energy simulation tools

Requirements concerning energy efficiency of buildings, as well as the emission of energy sources working for their needs, are constantly growing. It is related to the Polish law, as well as European Union directives. It is obvious that in the coming years, further regulations and directives will impose additional requirements in this area. Therefore, the requirements for the operation of buildings and process of their designing are changing already today. In the past, the design process, in particular in the aspect of energy consumption, was based primarily on the procedures of static analysis of the building's structure (partitions, glazing, etc.). A typical calculation of a building heat demand did not take into account other aspects of the building's operation, such as user behaviour, heat gains or thermal accumulation of the building. Therefore, in modern designing, it is extremely important to use advanced computer techniques to develop a detailed balance of energy, which takes into account all its useful forms, including heat and electricity. Only such a comprehensive approach will render it possible to achieve the energy efficiency indicators required by law, as well as an economically efficient operation of the building, with a minimal bad influence on the environment. In general, the manuscript presents methods of comprehensive computer energy simulation of buildings, which can be used for optimal designing of buildings for any purpose. The article also presents an overview of available computer tools, which are recommended for the building design process. There are also some examples of using a simulation software for the analysis of residential buildings, along with the analysis of the results of energy simulations carried out with its help

Analysis of district heating network monitoring by neural networks classification

The paper proposes an alternative approach to the problem of district heating monitoring parameters selection, based on conditions, taken, for instance, from a specific real district heating network supplemented with tests data and expert knowledge. Centralizuotų šilumos tinklų analizės monitoringas pagal neuroninių tinklų klasifikaciją Santrauka Darbe siūlomas alternatyvus būdas centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo monitoringo parametrų parinkimo problemai spręsti. Šis būdas paremtas tam tikromis sąlygomis, pavyzdžiui, faktinio realaus centralizuoto šilumos tinklo duomenimis ir specialistų žiniomis. Straipsnis sudarytas iš keturių dalių. Įvadinis žodis ir monitoringo parametrų parinkimo problema pateikiama pirmojoje dalyje. Teoriniai neuroninių tinklų pagrindai pristatomi antrojoje dalyje. Trečiojoje dalyje aprašoma neuroninių tinklų struktūra ir aptariami modeliavimo rezultatai. Ketvirtojoje dalyje pateikiamos išvados. Reikšminiai žodžiai: centralizuoto šilumos tiekimo tinklai, monitoringas, neuroniniai tinklai, neuroninė klasifikacija First Published Online: 14 Oct 201

Optimization of Municipal Energy Systems with the Use of an Intelligent Analytical System

The paper presents the analytical and consultancy system which aims at a complex, comprehensive, multi-criteria energy performance analysis of a given building or a group of buildings and at making a recommendation for an energy source with regard to CO2 emission and investment costs determined on the basis of indicators included in the knowledge databases. The analytical and consultancy system employs advanced energy performance computer simulations of buildings as well as innovative analytical algorithms worked out and contributed by the authors, including those based on the knowledge base developed on the grounds of performance data from selected buildings of various types situated in a dozen or so cities of different population in Poland

Analysis of the impact of simulation model simplifications on the quality of low-energy buildings simulation results

The requirements concerning energy performance of buildings and their internal installations, particularly HVAC systems, have been growing continuously in Poland and all over the world. The existing, traditional calculation methods following from the static heat exchange model are frequently not sufficient for a reasonable heating design of a building. Both in Poland and elsewhere in the world, methods and software are employed which allow a detailed simulation of the heating and moisture conditions in a building, and also an analysis of the performance of HVAC systems within a building. However, these systems are usually difficult in use and complex. In addition, the development of a simulation model that is sufficiently adequate to the real building requires considerable time involvement of a designer, is time–consuming and laborious. A simplification of the simulation model of a building renders it possible to reduce the costs of computer simulations. The paper analyses in detail the effect of introducing a number of different variants of the simulation model developed in Design Builder on the quality of final results obtained. The objective of this analysis is to find simplifications which allow obtaining simulation results which have an acceptable level of deviations from the detailed model, thus facilitating a quick energy performance analysis of a given building

Energy Consumption by DHW System with a Circulation Loop as an Energy Efficiency Component, Based on an Example of a Residential Building

In the EU countries, almost 50% of the produced energy is used in residential buildings. More than 25% of this energy is used to produce domestic hot water, of which almost 80% is used to heat water in domestic hot water circulation systems. This is due to high expectations on the part of residents based on their comfort, in particular regarding the supply of heat for heating and domestic hot water. In the course of their long-term research conducted on real systems, the authors confirmed that the operation of domestic hot water distribution systems causes significant costs, mainly due to heat losses. Therefore, typical variants of energy optimization of such systems were analyzed. Tests have shown that selected solutions, such as the use of control automation, are not sufficient, and recommended additional thermal insulation may not be applicable due to technical reasons. With an aim of finding a solution to the problem, the publication analyzes operational data from an existing heat source and domestic hot water circulation system in a residential building. On the basis of these analyses, a solution was proposed to reduce energy consumption within the installation by means of its hydraulic optimization. The reduction of heat losses in domestic hot water installation by means of a method presented by the authors is estimated at approximately 20%